Photographic slide projector



Sept. 19, 1961 L. J. MISURACA PHOTOGRAPHIC sum: PROJECTOR l7 Sheets-Sheet 1 Original Filed Sept. 29. 1954 INVENTOR LOU\S I. MISURACA BY M% 95y ATTORNEYS Sept. 19, 1961 L. J. MISURACA 0 5 PHOTOGRAPHIC SLIDE PROJECTOR Original Filed Sept. 29, 1954 1'! Sheets-Sheet 2 INVENTOR LOUIS J. MSURACA ww w ATTORNEYS Sept. 19, 1961 L. J. MISURACA 3,000,258

PHOTOGRAPHIC SLIDE PROJECTOR Original Filed Sept. 29, 1954 l! Sheets-Sheet 3 INVENTOR LOUIS J. MISURACA W VW ATTORNEYS Sept. 19, 1961 L. J. MISURACA PHOTOGRAPHIC SLIDE PROJECTOR Original Filed Sept. 29. 1954 17 Sheets-Sheet 4 mom wON NON mom .2.-

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INVENTOR LOUIS I. MISURACA ATTORNEYS L. J. MISURACA PHOTOGRAPHIC SLIDE PROJECTOR Original Filed Sept. 29, 1954 Sept. 19, 1961 17 Sheets-Sheet 8 ATTORNEYS Sept. 19, 1:961

L. J. MISURACA PHOTOGRAPHIC SLIDE PROJECTOR Original Filed Sept. 29. 1954 17 Sheets-Sheet 9 INVENTOR LOUlS I. M\SURACA FIG. 2|.

ATTORNEYS Sept. 19, 1961 L. J. MISURACA PHOTOGRAPHIC SLIDE PROJECTOR l7 Sheets-Sheet 10 Original Filed Sept. 29. 1954 FIG. 28.

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PHOTOGRAPHIC SLIDE PROJECTOR Original Filed Sept. 29, 1954 17 Sheets-Sheet 11 INVENTOR LOUIS J. NISURACA jMY/QY W ATTORNEYS Sept. 19, 1961 L. J. MISURACA PHOTOGRAPHIC SLIDE PROJECTOR Original Filed Sept. 29, 1954 17 Sheets-Sheet l2 INVENTOR LOUIS J'. NISURACA ATTORNEYS LIIL Sept. 19, 1961 L. J. MISURACA PHOTOGRAPHIC sun PROJECTOR Original Filed Sept. 29. 1954 INVENTOR LOUIS J. MlSURACA ATTORNEYS Sept. 19, 1961 L. J. MISURACA 3,000,258

PHOTOGRAPHIC SLIDE PROJECTOR Original Filed Sept. 29, 1954 17 Sheets-Sheet 14 O A a 5 R c .l O A T R s 6 m w I V In 7 7 #1-. 4 F m 4 o L w I 6 w m F .mll w n D J TWQHLB w Sept. 19, 1961 L. J. MISURACA PHOTOGRAPHIC sum: PROJECTOR Original Filed Sept. 29. 1954 17 Sheets-Sheet 15 L| .L: 9r L/ J/ 1/ AK w i w m m w m w w m ,f i v Q a fi E E 4 l u j, m U U m m D U I mnm o J/ .J/ 7 J/ .J/ 4 "J1 7 4 w Q1 HT Q. Q Q. HT p Q1 m m a m U m m a l 1 Q q E QQQQ U U I I1 I 3 mm m D U U U U U U U 43 9.

ATTORNEYS Sept- 1971961 L. J. MISURACA 3,000,258

PHOTOGRAPI-IIC SLIDE PROJECTOR Original Filed Sept. 29. 1954 17 Sheets-Sheet 16 FIG. 54.

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IOI I02 IOIu 7 I i 7r INVENTOR LOUIS I. IIISURACA ATTORNEYS Sept. 19, 1961 1.. J. MISURACA PHOTOGRAPHIC SLIDE PROJECTOR Original Filed Sept. 29. 1954 17 Sheets-Sheet 17 INVENTOR LOU|S I. WSURACA Am KZY Original application Sept.

lowing description.

United States Patent;

3,000,258 PHOTOGRAPHIC SLIDE PROJECTOR Louis J. Misuraca, Glendale, Calif., assignor, by mesne assignments, to Sylv'ania Electric Products Inc., Wilmington, Del., a corporation of Delaware 29, 1954, Ser. No. 459,147. Divided and this application Mar. 31, 1958, Ser. No.

8 Claims. (Cl. 88-28) This invention has to do with photographic slide pro-' jectors, particularly those capable of completely automatic operation.

This is a division of my co-pending application Serial No. 459,147 filed September 29, 1954.

A disadvantage of most slide projectors is the fact that the slides are moved into the projecting area at room temperature in a cold or non-preheated condition with the result that when the film is heated in the projection light beam the various film components expand unequally, throwing the projected picture out of focus (known as popping).

The major object of the invention is to provide novel means for effectively pre-heating and prepopping the photographic slides in a projector prior to projection.

It is another object of the present invention to provide, in a slide projector having means for indexing a slide magazine to bring the various slides into position to be fed to the exposure aperture, means for conveying hot air, as from the projection lamp area, to preheat the slides in the magazine before they reach-that position.

A further and important object of the invention is to provide in a slide projector means for blowing air heated by the projection lamp into the slide magazine guide.

A further object of the invention is to provide a novel arrangement for prepopping 35 mm. photographic film color transparency slides mounted in an intermittently advanced magazine.

I submit that these and other objects will become apparent and substantiated from the drawings and the fol- Referring to the drawings:

FIGURE 1 is a side elevational view of a projector embodying the invention;

FIGURE 2 is a front elevational view of the device of FIGURE 1;

FIGURE 3 is a rear elevational view of the device FIGURE 1;

FIGURE 4 is a sectional plan view substantially along the plane of line 4-4 of FIGURES 1 and 9, but with parts broken away;

FIGURE 5 is a sectional plan view on line 5-5 of FIGURES 1 and 9;

FIGURES 6, 7, and 8 are enlarged fragmentary sectional views on lines 6-6, 7-7, and 8-8, respectively, of FIGURE 5;

FIGURE 9 is a sectional elevational view in the plane of line 9-9 of FIGURES l and 4;

FIGURES 10, 11, and 12 are enlarged fragmentary sectional views on lines 10-10, 11-11, and 12-12, respectively, of FIGURE 9;

FIGURE 13 is an elevational view of the magazine advancing wheel assembly shown in FIGURE 12, as viewed from the plane 13-13 of FIGURE 12;

FIGURE 14 is an enlarged sectional view on line 14-14 of FIGURE 4;

FIGURE 15 is a fragmentary sectional view on line 15-15 of FIGURE 14;

FIGURE 16 is an enlarged sectional view of the forward lens mounting and appurtenances;

FIGURE 17 is an enlarged sectional view through a front adjustable leg;

ice

FIGURE 18 is a fragmentary sectional view on line 18-18 of FIGURE 4, on a larger scale;

FIGURE 19 is an enlarged fragmentary sectional view on line 19-19 of FIGURE 4;

FIGURE 20 is a partial sectional view on line 20-20 of FIGURE 19;

FIGURE 21 is a fragmentary sectional plan view of the magazine advancing pawl and its associated ratchet wheel;

FIGURE 22 is a side elevational view of the parts shown in FIGURE 21 in the direction of the plane of line 22-22 of FIGURE 21;

FIGURE 23 is a front elevational view of the gate operating lever means;

FIGURE 24 is a view of parts shown in FIGURE 23 in the plane of line 24-24 of FIGURE 23;

FIGURE 25 is a plan view of the lower gate;

FIGURE 26 is a sectional view on line 26-26 of FIGURE 25;

FIGURE 27 is an enlarged fragmentary plan view of the rack and pinion connected between the slide holding means and the lens mounting;

FIGURE 28 is a sectional view on line FIGURE 27;

FIGURE 29 is a plan view of a tool for use in changing the focusing cam;

FIGURE 30 is a side elevational view of the tool of FIGURE 29;

FIGURE 32 taken on FIGURE 31 is an enlarged fragmentary sectional elevational view of the upper portion of the casing showing a magazine engaging detent means;

FIGURE 32 is an enlarged fragmentary sectional elevational view of a detent means yieldably engaging the lower magazine;

FIGURE 33 is an inverted view of the mechanism of line 33-33 thereof;

' FIGURE 34 is an enlarged sectional view on line 34-34 of FIGURE 32;

FIGURE 35 is a plan view of a preferred form of slide magazine;

FIGURE 36 is an inverted plan view of the magazine of FIGURE 35;

FIGURE 37 is an enlarged sectional view on line 37-37 of FIGURE 35;

FIGURE 38 is an end elevational view as on line 38-38 of FIGURE 35;

FIGURE 39 is a partial side elevational view of the magazine of FIGURE 35 as indicated by line 39-39 thereof;

FIGURE 40 is an enlarged plan view of the lower magazine-receiving guideway;

FIGURE 41 is an enlarged sectional view on line 41-41 of FIGURE 40;

FIGURE 42 is a plan view of a magazine cover;

FIGURES 43 and 44 are fragmentary elevational views as indicated by lines 43-43 and 44-44, respectively, of FIGURE 42;

FIGURE 45 is an end elevational view as viewed from line 45-45 of FIGURE 42;

FIGURE 46 is a plan view of the timer mechanism shown mounted on the casing wall, the latter being in section;

FIGURE 47 is a view on line 47-47 of FIGURE 46;

FIGURE 48 is a sectional view on line 48-48 of FIGURE 47 of the timing drum;

FIGURE 49 is a view of the periphery of the timing drum as it would appear if in a single plane;

FIGURE 50 is a view on line 50-50 of FIGURE FIGURE 52 is a schematic wiring diagram of the electrical elements and connections;

ro i o l an upper magazine guide 15 and below the axis a lower 'Additionally, a feature of the invention- 'the. device illustrated comprises a casing 11 in which are mounted a projection lamp 12, rear lens and condenser assembly 13, and forward lens assembly or objective 14 arranged to provide a substantially horizontal Above the optical'a'xi's thfe'r'e is provided magazine guide 16. These are each parallel to the optical axis and are adapted to slidably receive slide magazines 18. An upright chute 20 extends from the floor of the upper magazine guide to the lower magazine guide directly across the optical axis or axis of projection, the chute being suitably apertured in the region 21 where a slide is positioned for projection. V

Associated with the chute is a gate means which includes an upper gate 22 for controlling release of slides from the upper magazine into the chute and a lower gate 24 which serves to arrest the fall of the slides (desig- 'nated S where shown) released 'in the chute and 'momentarily hold each slide in approximate position for projection. A slide retaining mean's or pressure plate 25 is mounted just above the lower gate and serves to grip and hold the slide after it has fallen on the lower gate in proper position for projection maintaining pressure toward the front after which the gates return to their normal position, shown in FIGURE 57. v

Means are provided for operating the gates and subsequently advancing the two magazines 'step by step so that slides may be released one byone from the upper magazine and after being projected fall into corresponding spaces or pockets in the lower magazine. I The slide-gripping means is also combined with means for adjusting the forward lens 14 to correlate focus of the same and compensate for slide mounts of different thicknesses.

the preheating of the slides in the upper magazine by means of forced air used to cool the lamp. p

Referring now, in more detail, to the apparatus, the casing 11 is shown as comprising an upper section 3ll, a center section 31, a lower section 32, and a -base plate 33. V The upper section is formed parallel walls 35 and 36 which extend longitudinally of the device and theseare fitted with an upper magazinereceiving guideway member 37 generally "of inverted channel shape with marginal inwardly extending edgeportions 38 for engaging longitudinal "slots'39 in a slide magazine 18. I 'prefer'to utilize partitioned magazines as best shown in FIGURES 35 to 39, the magazines having side walls 41, bottoin wall sections 42, ehd'walls 43, and a plurality of evenly spaced partitions 44 which extend transversely of the magazine and provide a plurality of slide-receiving pockets 'or'spaces'fi "each of which freely accepts a single slide of any conventional type. A longitudinal islot *42' isformed 'alon'g' b'ottom wall 42. Also, I preferto "have a'longitudinal'slot 39 in each side wall of the 'magazine exposing edges '44'iof the partitions, the edges projecting'somewhat outwardly of the plane of the inner surface of the side Walls in semi-circular form (see FIGURE '12). A longitudinal slot 42' extends the length of bottom wall 12.

It may be assumed that a magazine, in which slides are normally stored, -is filled with 'slides to be project- I ed. For my purpose these slides are arranged in invertto provide depending "walls 70 and 71 and connecting ed position in the magazine, because the upper or supply magazine is placed in the projector in inverted position. The latter is accomplished by temporarily covering the magazine with a channel-shaped cover 48 (FIGURES 42-45) which has inwardly extending marginal flanges 49 for engagement with the slots 39 in the sides of the magazine. When so covered the magazine may be inverted and inserted into the upper magazine guide through the opening 50 at the rear of the casing. An opening 51 is provided at the forward end of the magazine guide. A projection 52 on the cover engages the casing of the projector and prevents entrance of the cover beyond the position "in which 'it is shown in FIGURE 1. It is to be noted that in this position the magazine projects beyond the inner end of the cover by a distance equal to the width of a slide pocket. The cover may be removed at any time after the magazine has been advanced to a position such that the rearward end is within the upper magazine guide. However, so as not to prevent the circulation of air by the blower, as will be explained later, the cover should be withdrawn about a third of its distance. This permits slides in the forward portion of the magazine to drop onto and rest upon tracks 53 which may be of micarta or the like. These are mounted on an apertured plate 54 secured by screws 55 to portions 56 of walls 35 and 36. A second plate 57 is secured to portions 58 of walls 35 and 36 by screws 59, the second plate lying in the same plane as plate 54. The second plate also carries track members 53' which are the same as tracks 53. V

The two plates 54 and 57 are spaced apan at 61 and thus provide an'interrupted floor from end to end of the device. The space 61 lies directly over and in registration with chute 20. The latter is vertically disposed and comprises an enclosing wall 64 provided with internally projecting ribs 65. The chute is provided with the'aforementioned double aperture 21 coincident with the optical axis. The lower endof the chute terminates at the lower magazineguide -16. I The lower magazine guide '16 includes the upright wall 72 which may be formed integral with the lower section of the casing. Inside these walls there is mounted a channel-shaped guideway member 74 which receives the lower and originally empty magazine as shown in FIGURES 9 and 41. The lower section of the'ca'sing is provided with nopening 75 at the rear and an opening 76 at the front to give access to the lower magazine guide.

When the magazines are first inserted they are moved to positions such that the first slide pocket of the upper magazine registers with space 61 and the chute '20 and the lower magazine is one'pocket space re'arwardly of the upper magazine. Propel-positioning of the maga zines when initially inserted is accomplished by'the-provision of normally retracted stcppins '78 and 79 which extend into the upper and lower magazine guides respec- 'tively and are actuated against their-springs 80 to ex tend to a position to act as stops by means 'ofthe axially movable knob 82 connected to a'pin actuating "member 83 which has its ends received in slots in the endsof the two pins, as best shownin FIGURE '9. The pins are laterally offset from front to rear of the device to accomplish the aforementioned positioning of themagazines. V The gate means for controlling the descent of the slides in'the chute includes'the upper gate 22 mounted slidably in'agateguide means 84 for movement longitudinally of itself'at the upper end of the chute upon which the slide next to be projectedrests. Below the axis of projection and the openings 21 in the'chuteis the lower gate 24 which is normally retracted or'open. The gates are connected for operation by lever 85 pivoted upon a fixed pin-86. A-pin and slot connection means 87 is usedbetween each end of'the lever and the respective gates.

:rotatively mounted shaft 112 mounted "yieldably urged by spring magazine-engaging wheels 113 normally cooperate with aortass The levees is actuated by an arm 88 mounted upon ashaft 89 journalled in the casing at 90 and 91, the farm engaging a cam surface 92 on the lever. Shaft 89 is provided with a handle 93 for optional manual operation and when the handle is depressed the lever is pivoted ;as shown in FIGURE 23 to reverse the position of the gates. When this occurs, gate falls to the lower gate.

the slide resting on the upper The latter may be provided with a leaf spring 94 to cushion the fall of the slide. The shaft 89, whether motor-driven or operated by hand, rotates about 30 clockwise (as viewed in FIG- URE 57) and then returns to its original position by turning in the opposite direction under the influence of spring return means later to be described.

A shutter 95 having a translucent disk 96 of suitable glass is pivotally mountedat 97 and carries a gear sector 98 in engagement with a sector 99 fixed to lever 85.

Thus the shutter operates with relation to the lever.

As previously indicated, I provide a slide retaining means or pressure plate 25, and this is also actuated by shaft 89. The latter carries a cam 100 engaging a hinged projection 101 pivoted at 102 on bar 103 connecting the forward ends of reciprocable shafts 104. The latterare is shown in full lines by a tension spring 101a. As shaft 89 rotates clockwise, cam 100 forces the pressure plate rearwardly until the cam deflects the projection 101 upwardly permitting the pressure plate to spring forward. I Since the projection 101 is hinged, the cam may pass the projection upon return movement of the shaft 89.

I also utilize the shaft 89 for advancing the slide I magazines, and this is accomplished by means of a ratchet arm 109 on the shaft which carries a ratchet finger 110 for engagement with a ratchet wheel 111 upon return movement of the shaft. The ratchet wheel is fixed to a which carries upper and lower magazine-engaging gear wheels 113 and 114 respectively which fit partially into the slots 39 in the sides of the upper and lower magazines for engagement with the partitions thereof.

The shaft 112 is journalled in brackets 115 and 116 on a shaft 118. The latter is journalled in the FIGURE 9., The assembly is 119 in a direction such that the casing as best shown in the magazines. However, the knob 82, when pushed in, operates a rod 120 axially which is connected to bracket 115 at 12-1 to swing the magazine-engaging wheels to a disengaged position. The wheels 113, 114 are also each provided with means to insure proper feeding and location of the magazines and this is shown as comprising a spring-pressed detent 122 for engagement with recesses 123 in the wheel. 7

For the purpose of returning shaft 89 to its normal or original position, I provide a tension spring 125 connected to ratchet arm 109 at one end and to any suitable fixed portion of the projector forwardly thereof at. the other end.

A particular feature of my invention is the provision of means for automatically adjusting the objective or lens to compensate for photographic slides of different total thicknesses. The forward lens group or objective 14 is mounted for manual adjustment in a sleeve 128 by means of a rack and pinion connection 130 between a shaft 131 and the sleeve, the shaft having knurled knobs 132 at 1 each end in the usual manner. However, the sleeve 1128 is slidably mounted in a collar 134 secured to the casing by a flanged portion 135 as best shown in FIGURE16.

The sleeve has an external flange received withinv a spring-retaining housing member 136 and compression spring 137 are interposed between this and the flange so that the sleeve is normally biased rearwardly to theposition in which it is shown in FIGURE 16. For the purpose of adjusting the sleeve axially to position it in accordance with the thickness of a particular slide (assuming that the objective has first been properly adjusted for a slide or given thickness), a rack 138 is provided on the bar 103 forming part of the pressure plate assembly. The rack engages a pinion portion 140 of a cam member 141 having shank 142 rotatably received in a counterbore 143 formed in an extension 144 at the inner end of the collar 134. Member 141 has a cam section 146 at its upper end for engagement with the rear surface 147 of the sleeve 128. The cam is formed to the proper curve so that it will proportionately adjust the sleeve and hence the forward objective in absolute predetermined relation to the movement of the pressure plate. The amount of such movement is controlled by the thickness of the slide mount engaged by the plate. Thus, as the pressure plate moves forwardly and grips a slide member, the rack and pinion and cam connection between the pressure plate and the sleeve holding the objective serve to proportionately correctly move the objective to compensate for any difference in thickness of the slides which may be brought into projecting position.v

The movement of the front element is usually not in a straight-line variation but rather of logarithmic change.

For convenience in replacing the focusing cam as may be required for extreme differences of projection disstances, the cam member has a taper socket 148 for reception of a tool 149 (FIGURES 29, 30) and is removable through the bore normally occupied by the front lens barrel.

While I have shown and described means for manually operating the mechanism, I contemplate that the device be motor-operated and timed to operate automatically or at the will of an operator. Thus, I provide a motor 150 which is connected by gearing 151 (FIGURES l9 and 20) to a gear sector 152 which is rotatively mounted on shaft 89. A clutch 153 serves to transmit movement of the sector to the shaft but permits required rotation of the shaft independently of the sector in manual operation.

The motor operates to rotate shaft 89 through about 30 of rotation in a clockwise direction as viewed in FIGURE 57. The return movement of said shaft is brought about by the spring 125. Rotation of the shaft is limited by the stops 155 and 156 against which ratchet arm 109 abuts. Referring to FIGURES 52 and 57, the motor circuit includes a manually operable switch 160 and an automatic timer-controlled switch 161, the latter being for the purpose of completely automatic operation of the device. It is a feature of my invention that any one of several difierent time cycles of projection can be selected, that is, the device set for automatic operation to project each slide for any one of several given time periods. This is accomplished by the timer 162 which includes a drum 164 which may be of molded plastic provided with a plurality of rows of recesses 165 therein, the recesses in each row being equally spaced from each other but differently spaced than those of the other rows. A common recess 166 extends across the face of the drum. The switch includes av finger 167 which rides on the periphery of the drum and the parts are so disposed that when the finger engages a recess the switch closes.

The switch is pivotally mounted at 168 and carries a handle 170 as shown in FIGURES 46, 50, and 51 to permit of the adjustable positioning of the finger of the switch over a selected row of the recesses. With an output speed of 2 r.p.m. the timer motor gives cycles of 7.5, l0, l5 and 30 seconds duration. Slower or faster cycles may be substituted as required. 

